The first table below lists the opcodes in the original S/360 IBM
mainframe
processor implementation, including all dropped instructions and a
selection
of the instructions that were later added. The other two tables below
list
selected opcodes for current mainframe processors.
Colors have been added in these tables to show the changes in the
design
and - above all - the orthogonality of the basic design, which shows
in
both horizontal and vertical stratification.
A legend is provided below each table.
Both selection and categorization (in the second and third tables) have been done by the author; no involvement by IBM is implied in any way. The selection of opcodes is the same for all three tables, except that the first table contains some opcodes that have been omitted from the other two. However, the opcodes not shown are mainly those that are rarely used, and did not fit in very well with horizontal stratification. Thus, the exceptions - caused by additions after the original design of the the early 1960s was implemented - are much more apparent in the vertical stratification.
The first table shows the complete original set, including instructions that were later dropped. It also shows all instructions present in the other two tables.
The second table shows horizontal stratification, which organizes instructions mainly by data type. It is easy to see that many of the newer instructions have been added in positions that are consistent with the existing stratification. However, some of the newer instructions appear to have been placed at randomly chosen positions. Not many of these exceptions appear in the table; this results (partly) from the way I constructed the table.
The third table shows vertical stratification, which organizes instructions mainly by type of operation. The background colors signify the type of operation, and the text color further distinguishes the type of operation, e.g., a white background designates load-type operations, green text is for load-negative opcodes, black text is for load-positive operations, etc.
In the third table it is much more clearly visible that IBM has tried to insert new opcodes in an appropriate position, when one was available. Nevertheless, quite a few of the newer opcodes appear in seemingly random positions.
The table shows a few noteworthy implementation details. The first is that some instructions skip over a few lines, e.g., the and-instructions appear on lines 1, 5, 9 and D which are all four lines apart.
The second detail is that even though this table is designed to show the vertical stratification, some of the horizontal stratification is still visible, e.g. the branch-on-index and the shifting instructions on line 8.
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | SPM | BALR | BCTR | BCR | SSK | ISK | SVC | BSM | BASSM | BASR | MVCL | CLCL | ||||
1 | LPR | LNR | LTR | LCR | NR | CLR | OR | XR | LR | CR | AR | SR | MR | DR | ALR | SLR |
2 | LPDR | LNDR | LTDR | LCDR | HDR | LDXR | MXR | MXDR | LDR | CDR | ADR | SDR | MDR | DDR | AWR | SWR |
3 | LPER | LNER | LTER | LCER | HER | LEDR | AXR | SXR | LER | CER | AER | SER | MER | DER | AUR | SUR |
4 | STH | LA | STC | IC | EX | BAL | BCT | BC | LH | CH | AH | SH | MH | BAS | CVD | CVB |
5 | ST | LAE | N | CL | O | X | L | C | A | S | M | D | AL | SL | ||
6 | STD | MXD | LD | CD | AD | SD | MD | DD | AW | SW | ||||||
7 | STE | MS | LE | CE | AE | SE | ME | DE | AU | SU | ||||||
8 | SSM | LPSW | DIAG | WRD BRXH |
RDD BRXLE |
BXH | BXLE | SRL | SLL | SRA | SLA | SRDL | SLDL | SRDA | SLDA | |
9 | STM | TM | MVI | TS | NI | CLI | OI | XI | LM | LAM | STAM | SIO | TIO | HIO | TCH | |
A | MVCLE | CLCLE | MC | |||||||||||||
B | LRA | STCTL | LCTL | CS | CDS | CLM | STCM | ICM | ||||||||
C | ||||||||||||||||
D | MVN | MVC | MVZ | NC | CLC | OC | XC | MVCK | MVCP | MVCS | TR | TRT | ED | EDMK | ||
E | PKU | UNPKU | MVCIN | PKA | UNPKA | PLO | LMD | |||||||||
F | SRP | MVO | PACK | UNPK | ZAP | CP | AP | SP | MP | DP |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | SPM | BALR | BCTR | BCR | SVC | BSM | BASSM | BASR | MVCL | CLCL | ||||||
1 | LPR | LNR | LTR | LCR | NR | CLR | OR | XR | LR | CR | AR | SR | MR | DR | ALR | SLR |
2 | LPDR | LNDR | LTDR | LCDR | HDR | LDXR | MXR | MXDR | LDR | CDR | ADR | SDR | MDR | DDR | AWR | SWR |
3 | LPER | LNER | LTER | LCER | HER | LEDR | AXR | SXR | LER | CER | AER | SER | MER | DER | AUR | SUR |
4 | STH | LA | STC | IC | EX | BAL | BCT | BC | LH | CH | AH | SH | MH | BAS | CVD | CVB |
5 | ST | LAE | N | CL | O | X | L | C | A | S | M | D | AL | SL | ||
6 | STD | MXD | LD | CD | AD | SD | MD | DD | AW | SW | ||||||
7 | STE | MS | LE | CE | AE | SE | ME | DE | AU | SU | ||||||
8 | BRXH | BRXLE | BXH | BXLE | SRL | SLL | SRA | SLA | SRDL | SLDL | SRDA | SLDA | ||||
9 | STM | TM | MVI | TS | NI | CLI | OI | XI | LM | LAM | STAM | |||||
A | MVCLE | CLCLE | MC | |||||||||||||
B | LRA | STCTL | LCTL | CS | CDS | CLM | STCM | ICM | ||||||||
C | ||||||||||||||||
D | MVN | MVC | MVZ | NC | CLC | OC | XC | MVCK | MVCP | MVCS | TR | TRT | ED | EDMK | ||
E | PKU | UNPKU | MVCIN | PKA | UNPKA | PLO | LMD | |||||||||
F | SRP | MVO | PACK | UNPK | ZAP | CP | AP | SP | MP | DP |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | SPM | BALR | BCTR | BCR | SVC | BSM | BASSM | BASR | MVCL | CLCL | ||||||
1 | LPR | LNR | LTR | LCR | NR | CLR | OR | XR | LR | CR | AR | SR | MR | DR | ALR | SLR |
2 | LPDR | LNDR | LTDR | LCDR | HDR | LDXR | MXR | MXDR | LDR | CDR | ADR | SDR | MDR | DDR | AWR | SWR |
3 | LPER | LNER | LTER | LCER | HER | LEDR | AXR | SXR | LER | CER | AER | SER | MER | DER | AUR | SUR |
4 | STH | LA | STC | IC | EX | BAL | BCT | BC | LH | CH | AH | SH | MH | BAS | CVD | CVB |
5 | ST | LAE | N | CL | O | X | L | C | A | S | M | D | AL | SL | ||
6 | STD | MXD | LD | CD | AD | SD | MD | DD | AW | SW | ||||||
7 | STE | MS | LE | CE | AE | SE | ME | DE | AU | SU | ||||||
8 | BRXH | BRXLE | BXH | BXLE | SRL | SLL | SRA | SLA | SRDL | SLDL | SRDA | SLDA | ||||
9 | STM | TM | MVI | TS | NI | CLI | OI | XI | LM | LAM | STAM | |||||
A | MVCLE | CLCLE | MC | |||||||||||||
B | LRA | STCTL | LCTL | CS | CDS | CLM | STCM | ICM | ||||||||
C | ||||||||||||||||
D | MVN | MVC | MVZ | NC | CLC | OC | XC | MVCK | MVCP | MVCS | TR | TRT | ED | EDMK | ||
E | PKU | UNPKU | MVCIN | PKA | UNPKA | PLO | LMD | |||||||||
F | SRP | MVO | PACK | UNPK | ZAP | CP | AP | SP | MP | DP |
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To the original instruction set.
To the horizontal stratification overview.
To the vertical stratification overview.
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